Próféták és követőik
Próféták és követőik A legenda szerint a világ egyik nagy vallását az Iszlámot fegyveres erővel terjesztették el Spanyolországtól Indiáig. Nem egészen egy évszázad alatt nagyszerű kultúra született a nyomában.
E vallás Mohamed Próféta nevéhez fűződik. Ő maga Mekkában született, tevehajcsár fia volt. Szüleit korán elveszítette, nagybátyja nevelte, a húszas évei közepén kereskedőként karavánokkal utazott, egészen addig, míg feleségül nem vette kétszeresen megözvegyült munkaadóját Hadídzsát. Sokat barangolt egyedül a hegyekben, s egy ilyen alkalommal nem sokkal házasságkötése után, különös élményben volt része. Sorozatos látomásai támadtak, amelyek során Gábriel arkangyallal beszélgetett, akinek utasításait verses formában lejegyezte.
Próféták és követőik
Ezen írások képezték aztán a Muszlim vallás szent könyvének a KORÁNNAK a legelső részét. A könyv végül az a 114 kinyilatkoztatást tartalmazza melyet a Próféta 22 év során kapott. Mohamed időközben prédikálni kezdett, hirdetve, hogy csak is egy Isten Allah létezik, és hogy az üdvözüléshez nem vezet más út, mint a mindenható Istennek való teljes engedelmesség, alávetettség. Maga az arab Iszlám szó is ezt jelenti, ez lett a új hitvallás neve is. A híveket muszlimoknak azaz „engedelmeskedőknek” nevezték.
Mohamed Mekkában kis létszámú követőiből családtagjaiból, vallási közösséget alapított, mely nem vált népszerűvé a városban. Mekka jólétét nagyrészt a zarándokoknak köszönhette, akik a Kába kövéhez, egy kb 360 különbözőm Istenek és szellemnek szentelt kegyhelyhez jöttek tiszteletüket leróni. Ám az új próféta mindegyik Istent és szellemet hamisnak nyilvánította, ennek következtében a helyzet olyan súlyossá vált, hogy Mohamednek 622-ben és követőinek , ajánlatos volt elhagyni a várost. E kivonulás neve a HIDZSRA, és ez lett a muszlim időszámítás kezdőpontja.
Mohamed a közeli Medina városában lelt menedékre és hamarosan békebíróként nagy tekintélyre tett szert, és új híveket nyert. Allah Prófétáját ismerték el benne. A Mekkaiak ellen vezetett számos hadjárat vezéreként választották. 630-ban Mekka megadta magát, Mohamed szülőhelyének uraként leromboltatta a 360 bálványt és Kába szentélyét Allahnak ajánlotta. A próféta 632-ben bekövetkezett halálának idejére a majdnem a teljes Arab félsziget behódolt az Iszlámnak. Akkor egy Kalifa vitte tovább .
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